Introduction An aerofoil, or airfoil, is a meticulously designed structure crucial for generating lift in aviation and optimizing efficiency in various engineering applications. From airplane wings to wind turbine blades, aerofoils harness fluid dynamics to balance lift, drag, and structural integrity, making them foundational to modern technology. A technical illustration of an aerofoil, showing airflow over a curved surface, with arrows indicating airflow direction and pressure distribution Basic Principles of Lift Generation Lift arises from the interaction between an aerofoil and airflow, governed by two key factors: Bernoulli’s Principle: As air flows over the curved upper surface, it accelerates, creating a pressure drop relative to the slower-moving air beneath. This pressure differential generates lift. Angle of Attack: The angle between the aerofoil’s chord line and incoming air. Increasing this angle enhances lift by deflecting airflow downward (Newton’s Third Law), tho...