Introduction The aviation industry, responsible for 2-3% of global CO ₂ emissions, faces a critical mandate to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Zero-emission aircraft — powered by hydrogen, electric batteries, or sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs)—are central to this vision. However, transitioning to these technologies presents formidable challenges. This article explores the key hurdles in realizing zero-emission aviation and the collaborative efforts required to overcome them. This image illustrates a futuristic airport with cutting-edge zero-emission aircraft utilizing hydrogen and electric propulsion. As the aviation industry moves toward achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, these aircraft represent the next generation of sustainable air travel. Advanced airport infrastructure, including hydrogen refueling stations and electric charging hubs, highlights the industry's commitment to reducing its environmental impact. 1. Technological Limitations Current battery te...