Introduction An aerofoil (airfoil) is a specially designed shape used in aircraft wings, helicopter blades, propellers, and even wind turbines to generate lift efficiently. The design of an aerofoil significantly impacts an aircraft's performance, fuel efficiency, and stability. Understanding the principles of aerofoil design is crucial for optimizing aerodynamics in aviation and other industries. Illustration showcasing various aerofoil designs, highlighting their principles, types, and applications in aerodynamics and aviation. Basic Principles of Aerofoil Design Aerofoils work by manipulating the flow of air around their surfaces, creating differences in air pressure that result in lift . This is explained by two fundamental principles: Bernoulli’s Principle – Faster airflow over the curved upper surface leads to lower pressure, while slower air under the wing creates higher pressure, generating lift. Newton’s Third Law – The downward deflection of air by the aerofoil res...